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Is Prostate Cancer Hereditary?
Codex- 2 days ago
- 2 min read
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men, with its incidence rising significantly with age. When people hear the word "cancer," many worry about whether it is linked to family heredity. So, is prostate cancer hereditary?
What is Prostate Cancer?
The prostate is a small gland in the male reproductive system, located below the bladder, responsible for secreting a portion of seminal fluid. When prostate cells grow abnormally and form malignant tumors, it is called prostate cancer. This disease typically progresses slowly, but in some cases, it can spread to bones or lymph nodes, becoming a life-threatening condition. According to data from the Hong Kong Department of Health, in 2022, prostate cancer ranked third in incidence and fourth in mortality among cancers in men in Hong Kong, highlighting its significant public health importance [1].
Is Prostate Cancer Hereditary?
Research indicates that prostate cancer does have a hereditary component, but not all cases are caused by genetics. According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), up to 60% of prostate cancer risk may be related to genetic factors, including common genetic variations and pathogenic variants in moderate-to-high-risk genes [2]. Family history is a key risk indicator. If a first-degree relative (such as a father or brother) has had prostate cancer, the risk increases approximately twofold; if multiple relatives are affected, the risk can rise to 4.39 times (relative risk RR, 95% confidence interval 2.61–7.39) [3]. However, heredity is not the sole factor, as environment and lifestyle also play significant roles.
Genes Associated with Heredity
The primary risk factors for prostate cancer include age (most patients are older men) and a family history of prostate cancer. If one close relative has had prostate cancer, your risk is three times higher than the general population; if two close relatives are affected, the risk is five times higher. Certain gene mutations are closely linked to an increased risk of prostate cancer, such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13, which significantly elevate the likelihood of developing the disease.
According to the patient guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [4], genetic testing for hereditary cancer is recommended for individuals with prostate cancer and those meeting any of the following criteria:
High-risk, very high-risk, regional, or metastatic prostate cancer, regardless of family history
Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry
A family history of high-risk genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2, or Lynch syndrome)
A strong family history of prostate cancer and certain other cancers
Early screening is critical, particularly through prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. The Hong Kong Department of Health recommends regular screening for men over 50, while those with a family history may consider starting at age 40. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience the following symptoms:
Difficulty urinating or inability to urinate
Slow or interrupted urine flow
Blood in the urine
Pain in the lower back, pelvis, or thighs [1]
References:
[4] National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). NCCN Guidelines for Patients. Prostate Cancer Early Stage 2020.
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